English Bulldog: Personality, Health, Care & Breed Facts
The English Bulldog is one of the most recognizable dogs in the world: wrinkled face, pushed-in nose, wide stance and a rolling walk. Bred long ago for bull-baiting, today's English Bulldog is a calm, gentle and loyal family dog. It's also a bully breed with some real health needs that every owner should understand.
This guide covers the English Bulldog's personality, size, health, grooming, exercise and feeding, so you know exactly what to expect.
| English Bulldog quick facts | |
|---|---|
| Also called | Bulldog, British Bulldog |
| Origin | England |
| Height | 14–15 inches |
| Weight | About 50 lb (males), about 40 lb (females) |
| Life expectancy | 8–10 years |
| Temperament | Calm, friendly, loyal, a little stubborn |
| Energy level | Low. About 30 minutes of easy exercise a day |
| Coat | Short and smooth. Moderate shedding |
| Main health watch-outs | Breathing (BOAS), heat, skin folds, eyes |
Height, weight and life expectancy per the AKC breed standard and profile.
History and Origin of the English Bulldog
The English Bulldog, also known as the British Bulldog, comes from England, where bull-baiting dates back to the 13th century. The dog was originally bred for this blood sport, in which a staked bull was attacked by dogs. In fact, the etymology of the term bulldog comes from bull-baiting itself. The breed's wide, powerful jaws and low, sturdy build made it suited to the job.
In 1835, England banned bull-baiting and other blood sports with animals. However, this did not totally stop illegal blood sports activities. It took several decades to completely stop bull-baiting and the breeding of Bulldogs for this blood sport. Breed enthusiasts during this period began converting these dogs from fighters to companion animals. In time, the English Bulldog had become a gentle and loving family dog in the country. The AKC recognized the Bulldog in 1886. The Olde English Bulldogge is a separate, modern recreation of the old working bulldog; see English Bulldog vs Olde English Bulldogge.
A quick note on food: for your English Bulldog, the goal is high protein with fewer calories, and a reduced-fat recipe makes that easy.
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English Bulldog Breed Information
About the Breed
The English Bulldog is a medium-sized dog with a stocky, low-slung body, a big, flat-faced head, wide shoulders, and short, sturdy limbs. Heavy wrinkles cover most of the face, and the undershot jaw completes their iconic look. AKC standard colors include red, white, fawn, fallow, brindle and their combinations. Their coats are short and smooth. Adult males weigh about 50 pounds and females about 40 pounds, and both stand 14–15 inches tall.
English Bulldog Temperament and Personality
The English Bulldog has many family-oriented traits which make them an excellent pet. They are gentle dogs with low-energy levels who enjoy spending time with the family, children and other dogs.
English Bulldogs Personality
The English Bulldog is gentle, affectionate, loyal and friendly. They love being the center of attention, especially when they're young. The breed is generally quiet and will only bark to alert their owners which makes them good apartment pets. They enjoy playtime just as much as lazy days on the couch. The English Bulldog has a certain level of stubbornness at times which most owners can relate to. That willfulness is part of their independent nature.
Are English Bulldogs Good With Other Dogs?
English Bulldogs are generally friendly towards other dogs, especially to those they are socialized well with. They are expected to get along well with and tolerate other dogs in the same household. However, they might be cautious of unfamiliar dogs so it is important to introduce them gradually with patience.
For more detailed guidance on helping your English Bulldog become comfortable around other dogs, check out our comprehensive guide on puppy socialization.
Are English Bulldogs Good Family Dogs?
English Bulldogs are excellent family dogs due to their loyal and gentle nature. They are a very patient breed which makes them tolerant with children including toddlers. As with all dog breeds, playtime supervision between an English Bulldog and children is important to make sure everyone is safe and happy.
Are English Bulldogs Smart?
The Bulldog ranks 77th out of 79 breeds in Stanley Coren's “The Intelligence of Dogs”. Coren's ranking measures working and obedience intelligence, meaning how quickly a dog learns and obeys new commands. That doesn't mean Bulldogs aren't smart. They're independent thinkers who like to decide for themselves whether a command is worth following, so they need more repetition and better rewards than eager-to-please breeds.
Is it Hard to Train an English Bulldog?
English Bulldogs are expected to be more difficult to train compared to other breeds. They can be stubborn, and they don't always see the point in repeating a command. But with patience, short sessions and positive reinforcement, training is very doable. Bulldogs are food-motivated, so small, high-value treats work well. Patience and consistency are needed for the breed to master basic obedience training. Keep sessions short and fun, and skip high-intensity sports like agility, which can be hard on their breathing and joints.
Can English Bulldogs Swim?
Most English Bulldogs are very poor swimmers. Their heavy, front-loaded bodies, short legs and flat faces make it hard to stay afloat and keep their noses above water, and many will sink quickly. Never leave a Bulldog unsupervised near a pool, lake or beach. If your dog will be around water, use a well-fitted dog life jacket and stay within arm's reach.
English Bulldog Health and Care
The English Bulldog belongs to the group known as brachycephalic breeds. Brachy means shortened, while cephalic means head: thus, shortened head. Because of their head conformation, they are predisposed to a variety of health conditions. Others come from their skin folds and body shape. Talk to your vet about any of these, and ask breeders for health testing on both parents.
English Bulldog Common Health Issues
BOAS and Heat Stroke
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is a respiratory condition common in flat-faced breeds like English Bulldogs, characterized by upper airway abnormalities that compromise breathing. Symptoms include labored breathing, snoring, exercise intolerance, and occasional fainting, which are more pronounced in hot and humid weather.
Dogs with BOAS are at high risk of heat stroke, an emergency condition with severe signs like heavy panting, drooling, vomiting, and potential collapse. Diagnosis involves physical examination and respiratory tract evaluation under anesthesia, with treatment ranging from medical management to surgery depending on severity.
For English Bulldogs, the survival rate of heat stroke critically depends on rapid veterinary intervention. Keep your Bulldog cool, avoid exercise in hot or humid weather, and keep them at a lean, healthy weight. Extra weight makes breathing problems worse.
Skin Fold Dermatitis and Ear Infections
English Bulldogs are very prone to several dermatological conditions, most commonly skin fold dermatitis and ear infections. These are due to their anatomical tendencies to have facial skin folds and narrower ear canals. Skin fold dermatitis and ear infections are typically caused by bacteria, yeast, or their combinations.
Reddish, itchy and smelly skin particularly on the folds are signs of skin fold dermatitis. The offensive odor may not go away even after bathing. The folds may also have sticky and yellowish discharge which may be painful when cleaned. Meanwhile, ear infections manifest as head shaking, ear scratching, and inflamed smelly ears which may have discharges. The ears are also usually painful when manipulated which may cause whimpering.
A veterinarian can easily diagnose these issues upon physical examination. Further testing, such as skin and ear cytologies, may be done to determine the specific types of infections. These conditions are treated with oral (e.g. oral antibiotics, anti-pruritics) and topical medications (e.g. shampoos, ear drops).
Skin Allergies and Interdigital Cysts
English Bulldogs are prone to skin allergies and interdigital cysts, both of which can cause significant discomfort. Skin allergies manifest as itchiness, hives, facial swelling, and red, inflamed skin, often accompanied by sneezing and excessive licking. Interdigital cysts appear as painful, reddish bumps between the toes that may rupture and discharge clear or bloody fluid, causing the dog to lick, chew, and potentially limp.
Diagnosis requires a thorough physical examination and potentially additional tests to identify underlying causes. Treatment varies from anti-inflammatory medications and special diets for allergies to topical management or antibiotics for interdigital cysts, depending on the severity and specific condition.
Prompt veterinary attention is crucial to manage these uncomfortable and potentially recurring health issues in English Bulldogs.
Entropion and Corneal Ulcers
Entropion is an inherited eye condition in English Bulldogs where the eyelids roll inward, causing eyelashes to continuously rub against the cornea. This condition is closely related to the breed's characteristic skin and skull structure and can lead to corneal ulcers, eye irritation, and ocular hyperpigmentation.
Dogs with entropion typically exhibit symptoms like squinting, excessive tearing, and mucoid discharge, often affecting both eyes. Corneal ulcers present as cloudy eyes with redness, light sensitivity, and potential discharge. Veterinarians usually diagnose this condition in puppies under one year old through a comprehensive eye examination.
Treatment primarily involves surgical correction, removing a section of skin to reverse the eyelid's inward rolling. Corneal ulcers are diagnosed with a special eye stain and treated with eye drops to control infection and pain; severe cases may need surgery.
Cherry Eye
Cherry eye, medically known as prolapsed nictitating membrane gland, is a condition where a tear-producing gland inside the eye protrudes. This condition is irritating and may cause dry eyes in dogs. The exact cause of this condition is unknown but studies have determined that Bulldogs are predisposed to Cherry eyes.
A smooth, round, red or pink mass in the inner corner of the eye is suggestive of the disorder. It may come and go in mild forms of the disease. It may also present in both eyes. Affected dogs may have excessive eye secretions. They may also try to paw their eyes.
An eye examination by a veterinarian is enough to determine the disorder. Surgery is the treatment of choice.
Grooming and Nail Care
With English Bulldogs, professional grooming services are not always required. Basic grooming for this breed can be accomplished at home.
How Often do English Bulldogs Need to be Groomed?
- Brushing - English Bulldogs will only require brushing a couple of times a week to keep their coats smooth and shiny. Brushing will also help improve blood flow in the skin, thus, will promote new hair growth. A gentle medium-bristle brush, a rubber grooming mitt or tool, or a hound glove is recommended for brushing the coat.
- Bathing - Most English Bulldogs only need a bath about once a month, or when they get dirty. Bathing too often can dry out the skin. Pay special attention to the skin folds, and dry them completely afterward. A gentle shampoo, like oatmeal-based shampoos, is recommended for this breed.
- Ear Cleaning - Check your Bulldog's ears weekly and clean them when you see wax or dirt. Over-cleaning can irritate the ear canal. There are over-the-counter ear cleansers available in veterinary clinics and pet shops. Prepare lots of cottons or gauzes to perform this and make sure to pat the inner and outer ears dry afterwards.
- Skin Fold Cleaning - Skin folds trap moisture and can get infected easily. Wipe the facial folds a few times a week (daily if they get dirty or smelly) with hypoallergenic, unscented wipes. Make sure to pat dry the folds with a clean cloth after cleaning.
- Anal Gland Expression - Not all dogs will need this but it is important to assess if your English Bulldog has a full anal gland. Scooting is a common behavior seen in dogs with full anal glands. It is best to bring the dog to a professional groomer or the veterinary clinic if one suspects that anal gland expression is needed. If your Bulldog has trouble emptying their anal glands, your vet may recommend checking them every 4–8 weeks.
- Hair Cut - English Bulldogs typically don’t need hair cuts unless recommended by a veterinarian.
How Often Should You Cut Bulldogs Nails?
Most English Bulldogs need a nail trim every 2–4 weeks. Dogs that walk a lot on pavement wear their nails down and may go longer between trims. The nails of an English Bulldog must always be kept short and as a rule of thumb, nails clacking on the floor means a nail trim is needed. You can use nail clippers or nail grinders to trim your English Bulldog’s nails.
Exercise Needs
English Bulldogs have low energy levels which require only around 30 minutes of exercise a day. Split it into short walks of about 15 minutes during the coolest parts of the day, like early morning or evening. They also enjoy games such as tug-of-war and ball games. It is important to provide water at all times and to keep exercise sessions short to avoid overexertion.
When walking outside is not possible, English Bulldogs also enjoy indoor games. They love mental games such as hide-and-seek and interactive toys. They are very food-driven so it is a good idea to choose toys that can be stuffed with treats.
What to Feed an English Bulldog
English Bulldogs gain weight easily, and extra weight puts more strain on their breathing and joints. Feeding them well comes down to a few things:
- Measure every meal. Feed for your dog's ideal weight, not their current weight. Our dog food calculator gives you a starting point.
- Choose quality protein. A meat-based food helps keep muscle while you control calories.
- Watch for food sensitivities. Bulldogs are prone to skin allergies. If your vet suspects a food allergy, a limited-ingredient or different protein can help.
- Count treats. Keep treats to about 10% of daily calories.
- Slow down fast eaters. Bulldogs often gulp food and swallow air. Smaller, more frequent meals can help.
Not sure how much to feed? See how much to feed your dog.
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English Bulldog Size and Coat Color
Size
The English Bulldog is a medium-sized breed. According to AKC, the standard English Bulldog stands at a height of 14-15 inches, for both sexes. Males weigh about 50 pounds and females about 40 pounds.
Most English Bulldogs reach their full height by about 12 months, but they keep filling out in weight and chest until around 2 years old. With regard to growth, one important clue that you could look for is the size of their paws. Oversized paws next to their legs and body means that your English Bulldog is still growing.
Coat Color
English Bulldogs come in a stunning variety of coat colors, ranging from common shades like fawn and red to rare hues like merle, lilac, and chocolate, as shown below. Only some of these colors are accepted in the AKC breed standard.
English Bulldog Breed Organizations
Whether you're thinking about getting an English Bulldog or already have one, these groups are good places to learn more and find reputable breeders and rescues.
- The Bulldog Club of America
- The Bulldog Breed Council
- Adopt A Bull
- Bulldogs World
- English Bulldog News
Conclusion
The English Bulldog is a gentle, loyal and friendly breed which makes it a great family pet. They don't need much exercise or fancy grooming, but they do need more health care than the average dog. With good food, a healthy weight, regular vet visits and plenty of attention, an English Bulldog can be a wonderful companion.
Do you own an English Bulldog? Share your experience with this adorable breed by leaving us a comment below.
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FAQ
How big do English Bulldogs get?
Adult English Bulldogs stand 14–15 inches tall. Males weigh about 50 pounds and females about 40 pounds.
How long do English Bulldogs live?
The AKC lists an average life expectancy of 8–10 years.
Are English Bulldogs smart?
They rank 77th of 79 breeds for working and obedience intelligence in Stanley Coren's ranking, but they're independent thinkers. They learn well with patience, short sessions and food rewards.
Can English Bulldogs swim?
Most can't swim well. Their heavy bodies and flat faces make it hard to stay afloat, so they should always wear a life jacket and be supervised near water.
Are English Bulldogs good family dogs?
Yes. They're calm, patient and affectionate, and they usually do well with children. Always supervise play with young kids.
How often should I bathe an English Bulldog?
About once a month, or when they get dirty. Clean and dry the skin folds a few times a week.
